飘的作者是谁(名著《飘》一共有几册，作者是谁？是哪国人)

飘的作者是谁

1900年11月8日出生于佐治亚州的亚特兰大。曾获文学博士学位，担任过《亚特兰大新闻报》的记者。1937年她因长篇小说《飘》获得普利策奖。1939年获纽约南方协会金质奖章。1949年，她在车祸中罹难。她短暂的一生并未留下太多的作品，但只一部《飘》足以奠定她在世界文学史中不可动摇的地位。

名著《飘》一共有几册，作者是谁？是哪国人

飘共有两册, ＜飘＞之简介
1861年南北战争爆发的前夕，塔拉庄园的千金小姐郝思嘉爱上 了另一庄园主的儿子艾希利，但艾希利却选择了郝思嘉的表妹－－ 温柔善良的韩媚兰为终身伴侣。郝思嘉出于妒恨，抢先嫁给了韩媚 兰的弟弟查尔斯。不久，美国南北战争爆发了。艾希利和查尔斯作 为征兵上了前线。查尔斯很快就在战争中死去了。郝思嘉成了寡妇， 但她内心却一直热恋着艾希利。
一天，在一次举行义卖的舞会上，郝思嘉和风度翩翩的商人白 瑞德相识。白瑞德开始追求郝思嘉，但遭到她的拒绝。郝思嘉一心 只想着去追求艾希利，结果也遭到拒绝。
在战争中，美国南方军遭到失败，亚特兰大城里挤满了伤兵。 郝思嘉和表妹韩媚兰自愿加入护士行列照顾伤兵。目睹战乱带来的 惨状，任性的郝思嘉成熟了不少。这时，从前线传来消息，北方军 快打过来了，不少人家惊惶地开始逃离家园。不巧韩媚兰要生孩子 了，郝思嘉只好留下来照顾她。
在北方军大军压境之日，郝思嘉哀求白瑞德帮忙护送她和刚生 下孩子的韩媚兰回塔拉庄园。白瑞德告诉郝思嘉他不能目睹南方军 溃败而不去助一臂之力，他要参加南方军作战，他留下一把手枪并 和郝思嘉拥吻告别。郝思嘉只好独自勇敢地驾驶马车回到塔拉庄园， 这时家里已被北方军士兵抢先洗动一空，母亲在惊吓中死去。
不久，战争结束了。生活依然困苦。北方来的统治者要庄园主 缴纳重税，郝思嘉在绝望中去亚特兰大城找白瑞德借钱，但得知他 已被关进监狱。归来的途中，郝思嘉遇上了本来要迎娶她妹妹的暴 发户弗兰克，为了要重振破产的家业，她骗取弗兰克和自己结了婚。
郝思嘉在弗兰克经营的木材厂非法雇用囚犯，并和北方来的商 人大做生意。此时，白瑞德因用钱贿赂而恢复了自由。两人偶然碰 面，再次展开爱恨交织的关系。
弗兰克和艾希利因加入了反政府的秘密组织，在一次集会时遭 北方军包围，弗兰克中弹死亡，艾希利负伤逃亡，在白瑞德帮助下 回到韩媚兰身边。郝思嘉再次成为寡妇。此时，白瑞德前来向她求 婚，她终于与一直爱她的搞私运军火和粮食致富的白瑞德结了婚。 婚后，夫妻二人住在亚特兰大的豪华大宅。一年后，女儿邦妮出生， 白瑞德把全部感情投注到邦妮身上。郝思嘉偶然翻阅艾希利的照片 被白瑞德发现，终于导致了二人感情的破裂。其后，在艾希利的生 日会前夕，郝思嘉与艾希利相见时热情的拥抱引起旁人非议，但韩 媚兰不相信他们之间有暧昧关系。白瑞德可不这样想。
当郝思嘉告诉白瑞德她已经再次怀孕时，白瑞德怀疑地问那是 谁的孩子？郝思嘉在羞怒之下欲打白瑞德，却不慎滚下楼梯引起流 产。白瑞德感到内疚，决心同郝思嘉言归于好，不料就在他俩谈话 时，小女儿邦妮意外坠马摔死了。与此同时不幸的事也在另一个家 庭里发生，韩媚兰终因操劳过度卧病不起。临终前，她把自已的丈 夫艾希利和儿子托付给郝思嘉，但要求她保守这个秘密，郝思嘉不 顾一切扑向艾希利的怀中，紧紧拥抱住他，站在一旁的白瑞德无法 再忍受下去，而转身离去。面对伤心欲绝毫无反应的艾希利，郝思 嘉终于明白，她爱的艾希利其实是不存在的，她真正需要的是白瑞 德。
当郝思嘉赶回家里告诉白瑞德，她是真正爱他的时候，白瑞德 已不再相信她。他决心离开郝思嘉，返回老家去寻找美好的事物， 被遗弃的郝思嘉站在浓雾迷漫的院中，想起了父亲曾经对她说过的 一句话：“世界上唯有土地与明天同在。”她决定守在她的土地上 重新创造新的生活，她期盼着美好的明天的到来。
1949年8月16日 美国作家玛格丽特·米切尔逝世
1949年8月16日，为中国读者所熟悉的美国著名小说《飘》（由小说改编的电影名《乱世佳人》）的原作者玛格丽特·米切尔逝世。
玛格丽特·米切尔1900年11月8日出生于名门，她一生都生活于亚特兰大，从小就喜欢听大人讲美国南北战争的故事。亚特兰大所在的佐治亚州是南北战争中南军据守的最后防线，小米切尔常常骑马凭吊战争后的遗迹。
在同酒商厄普肖的婚姻破裂后，她嫁给了记者马什，这让守旧的亚特兰大社交界大吃一惊。更让人惊讶的是，她不从夫姓。正是在马什的鼓励下，米切尔开始默默写作，十年后完成了《飘》。书原名叫《明天是个新日子》，斯佳丽也不叫斯佳丽，叫潘茜。出版时，米切尔才把书名改成《飘》——这是英国诗人道森长诗《辛拉娜》中的一句，用在这部小说中意喻南方的奢华全被北军洗劫殆尽，一切都化为乌有，随风飘去，充满了女性的伤感。这种对南方的同情，引起了评论界广泛争议。
《飘》1936年问世后引起轰动，被好莱坞搬上银幕后，米切尔更名扬四海。面对荣誉，米切尔谦虚地表示，《飘》的文字欠美丽，思想欠伟大，她自己也不过是位业余写作爱好者。她婉拒了各种邀请，一直与丈夫过着深居简出的生活。此书自1936年首次出版后，在世界上被翻译成29种文字，总共销售了近3000万册。根据此书拍成的电影《乱世佳人》于1939年12月15日在亚特兰大举行首映，引起轰动，并迅速风靡全球。次年这部电影获得10项奥斯卡奖。
1949年8月11日，玛格丽特·米切尔与丈夫出门看电影时发生车祸，5天后逝世。
由于她生前坚决拒绝使故事有个结尾，从而使不少制片人纷纷请求得到拍摄续集的机会。1976年，玛格丽特的兄弟斯蒂芬斯·米切尔准许美国环球制片公司选择一个剧本拍续集，但是制片人的尝试失败了。
美国女作家亚历山德拉·芮普利经过3年的辛勤笔耕，于1991年9月25日在40个国家同时出版发行她创作的《飘》的续集——《郝思嘉》。
事情的经过是这样的。有一天，米切尔的两个侄子突然心血来潮，感到有必要找位作家，创作《飘》的续集，这必须是一部他们能完全控制的上乘之作。于是，纽约威廉·莫里斯事务所受托于1986年组织了一次挑选作家的竞赛。在纷至沓来的成千上万名人中，莫里斯筛选出11名参加决赛，其中女性10名，男性1名。最后，57岁的芮普利获得了米切尔家族的这一殊荣。
在众多候选人中，芮普利确实是最理想的人选。她是女的，又是地道的美国南方人，在当年南部贵族的首府、《飘》的男主角白瑞德的故乡查尔斯顿长大。人称芮普利是文坛的“福将”，她早年写的那些供火车站旅客看的流行小说，本本畅销。后来，她又创作过4部关于美国南方的小说，头一本《查尔斯顿》再版了11次，人们常将之与《飘》相提并论，她也因此而跻身于美国成名作家的行列。
芮普利在签订了这份450万美元的合同之后，马上开始构思。她先是仔细通读原著，尽力感受原作者的创作思想，还动手抄了其中的300页。她认为这是认真领悟作者风格的最好办法。芮普利治学严谨、尊重历史，为了保持作品的时代特点和风貌，她翻阅了大量历史文献，并且实地考察了故事发生的地点。此后，她就像一位隐士那样，静静地续写这部风靡世界55年、拥有众多读者的巨著。其间，美国文坛和艺术界始终有人对此非难不已，同名影片的导演助手拉勃文甚至指责说，续书“是对这部美国古典巨著的糟蹋”。但作者不为任何压力所动，默默无闻地苦干了3个年头。1991年2月，她终于将1000页的续集——《郝思嘉》的原稿放在了出版商的办公桌上。
由于出版商与作者有约在先，此书的创作和出版过程全属保密。9月25日之前，世人无法得知郝思嘉和白瑞德最终是否再度重逢、破镜重圆——这个令《飘》迷们猜测了半个世纪的谜底。但有一点可以肯定，续集尚未问世，就已先声夺人，成为今年世界文坛最轰动的事件之一。
不过，这样一部世界名著在中国的命运却不佳，曾被当成是有害读物加以批判。1999年1月8日，《光明日报》发表了一篇文章《无法飘逝的记忆——追踪20年前一场关于<飘>的争论》。文章说：揭开封尘已久的记忆，当年的主要当事人、浙江省出版事业管理局原负责人马守良感慨万端：如果没有十一届三中全会，如果没有小平同志解放思想、实事求是的精神，就没有中国出版界的今天。
风波源于那个特定时期所产生的严重“书荒”。1978年，北京、上海的一些大出版社先后出版了35种中外文学名著。1979年9月，浙江人民出版社组织力量，认真审读了一部分以往出版过的中外名著。经过反复论证和研究，他们决定出版傅东华翻译的美国女作家玛格丽特·米切尔的小说《飘》。重印《飘》的消息刚一传开，十几个省的发行部门就蜂拥而至，许多大专院校也纷纷要求供应此书，《飘》的印刷计划从10万册一路飚升至60多万册。上海一家文化单位甚至派人亲赴浙江坐等，不给几万册不走。然而正当《飘》的上册刚刚出版，中下册尚在印制的时候，一场猛烈的暴风雨顷刻而至。
1980年1月27日和29日，一家地方党报连续发表了“《飘》热和《根》热”、“《飘》到哪里去？”两篇文章，拉开了批判出版《飘》的序幕。紧接着，又一家著名的地方报纸以不少社会知名人士发出呼吁为名，发表了“出版图书要考虑社会效果”的文章。4月18日，文化界一位著名人士对日本新闻代表团说，中国“也出版了像《飘》那样不大好的东西”，日本时事社随即作了报道。4月23日，一家大报也发表了“揭开《飘》的纱幕”的文章。
几乎与此同时，内部通报，大小会议，各种来信，对于《飘》的批评同样接连不断。5月，在北京召开的全国出版局长会议上，批评《飘》成了未列入议程的议程；一位文化名人竟在信中言辞激烈地说：“‘社会主义’不知随风《飘》到哪里去了。”
《飘》的“问题”已不仅限于出版这本书，它已经被一些人引申到如何辩证地对待西方文化的问题上。而尽管出版界的许多领导都不赞成批《飘》，但显然，单靠出版界的力量已经难以顶住这莫大的压力。就在这关键时刻，邓小平同志对《飘》的出版给予了肯定。
1980年6月14日，香港《文汇报》登载了美联社13日发自北京的一条电讯稿，尽管只有几百字，但它对中国出版界、文化界来说，却是一股真正的暖风，一剂强有力的清醒剂。
这条关于小平同志6月13日接见美国费城坦普尔大学代表团的电稿是这样写的：坦普尔的大学联络办公室负责人乔治·英格拉姆说，该代表团“同邓小平讨论的范围很广”，其中包括“美国小说《飘》”。“邓氏说，有些人不同意在中国出版这本小说，因为它歌颂奴隶主；但邓氏认为应该出版，大家可以有自己的观点。”而据接待这个代表团的科学院外事局整理的谈话记录记载：当谈到美国南北战争时，小平同志说：“你们有一本书叫《飘》，是写南北战争的。”外宾说：“是的，现在正在拍电影，有一位电影明星作主角。40年前已经拍了一部电影，现在又在拍另一部。”小平同志说：“小说写得不错，中国现在对这本书有争论，因为这本书的观点是支持南方庄园主的，我们想用中文出版这本书。出版了也没有关系嘛，大家看一看，评论一下。”
一场争论就这样结束了，但它留给我们的记忆却是那样深刻，似乎永远无法飘逝。
作者玛格丽特·米切尔 美国人
简介： 米切尔（1900～1949）美国女作家。出生于美国南部佐治亚州亚特兰大市。父亲是个律师，曾任亚特兰大历史协会主席。米切尔曾就读于华盛顿神学院、马萨诸塞州的史密斯学院。其后，她曾担任地方报纸《亚特兰大报》的记者。1925年与约翰·马尔什结婚，婚后辞去报职，潜心写作。 米切尔一生中只发表了《飘》这部长篇巨著。她从1926年开始着力创作《飘》，10 年之后，作品问世，一出版就引起了强烈的反响。 由于家庭的熏陶，米切尔对美国历史，特别是南北战争时期美国南方的历史产生了浓厚的兴趣。她在家乡听闻了大量有关内战和战后重建时期的种种轶事和传闻，接触并阅读了大量有关内战的书籍。她自幼在南部城市亚特兰大成长，耳濡目染了美国南方的风土人情，这里的自然环境和社会环境成了米切尔文思纵横驰骋的背景和创作的源泉。 《飘》已译成18种文字，传遍全球，至今畅销不衰。 《飘》在1937年获普利策奖。1938年拍成电影。电影曾以《乱世佳人》的译名在我国上映。
《飘》
美国女作家玛格丽特·米切尔是仅仅写了一部作品就名扬天下并在文坛上占有一席之地的作家，她惟一的作品《飘》一经问世便成了美国小说中最畅销的作品。自1936年出版之日起，《飘》这部美国内战时期的罗曼史便打破了当时所有的出版记录。1937年，小说获得普利策奖。随后被改编成电影，连电影也成了美国电影史上的经典之作。
尽管美国文坛一直有意贬低《飘》的文学价值，认为《飘》只是一部大众通俗小说，但《飘》历经数十年而长销不衰的事实，已经为自己夺得了经典的位置。"《飘》热"在美国乃至全球持续不断。作者去世27年之后，该书依然高踞美国精装版小说榜首，而平装版的《飘》在全美畅销书中也一直保持着第九名的地位。据统计资料显示，截止于1993年，《飘》在全球的销量已逾2800万册，还不算恒河沙数的盗版书。现在，《飘》已被译为数十种文字，在全球近40个国家销售。
1939年，傅东华首译玛格丽格传世巨著《Gone with the Wind》，取其消逝与渺茫之意命名为《飘》，自此风行至今。美丽与勇敢的郝思嘉、风流与执著的白瑞德、坚强与宽容的韩媚兰、儒雅与懦弱的卫希礼--这些名字萦绕在几代人的脑海中，历久弥坚。
《飘》是女人的必读书，因为本书中有两个女人的典范--郝思嘉和韩媚兰--告诉我们：不同的女人有不同的征服力，不同女人有不同的味道，但都有自己别具一格的风味。
美国南北战争的腥风血雨中绽放的爱情经典之花
美国20世纪杰出的文学作品之一
《飘》以19世纪60年代美国南北战争和战后重建时期为背景，以女主人公郝思嘉的爱情纠葛和生活遭遇为主线，着力刻画了姿色迷人、聪明能干的大庄园主女儿郝思嘉这一争强好胜、贪婪冷酷、为达目的不择手段的不屈不挠进行奋争的女性形象，并生动形象地再现了美国南部种植园经济由兴盛到崩溃，妇隶主生活由骄奢淫逸到穷途末路，奴隶主阶级由疯狂挑起战争直至失败灭亡，奴隶制经济终为资本主义经济所取代这一美国南方奴隶社会的崩溃史。本书在描绘人物生活与爱情的同时，勾勒出南北双方在政治、经济、文化各个层面的异同，具有浓厚的史诗风格，堪称美国历史转折时期的真实写照，同时也成为历久不衰的爱情经典。
作者米切尔以其高超的艺术造诣，使《飘》一书取得了很高的艺术成就。书中人物个性鲜明，几个主角在性格、道德观等各方面既对比强烈，又互为依存，引出一系列冲突，产生了许多扑朔迷离的悬念，使故事一环扣一环、波澜起伏地向前发展。人物的语言绘声绘色，各具特点，显得真切感人。这种戏剧化的情节与细腻的人物心理描写有机结合，产生了立体描述的效果，强烈地吸引了读者。
很长时间里，《飘》并没有进入文学研究的殿堂，但这丝毫无损于它的魅力，更使它名扬天下的是根据小说改编而成的电影《乱世佳人》，一举夺得10项奥斯卡大奖，并成为电影史上经典名片之首，费雯丽和盖博在电影《乱世佳人》里的形象更成为无数人心目中真实的郝思嘉和白瑞德。

《飘》的第二部叫什么？谁写的？

《斯佳丽》是美国南方女作家，亚历山德拉·里普利为《飘》所做的续集。

创作背景

出生在美国历史名城查尔斯顿的南部作家亚历山德拉·里普莉，从几百人中中选，为《飘》写续集，时年57岁。

里普莉是典型的南部作家，她的生身之地查尔斯顿乃美国南部文化中心，与《飘》作者的故乡亚特兰大相距并不太远。里普莉熟悉美国历史，尤其熟悉美国南部人民的衣食住行、社交礼仪和思维方式，她夜以继日地写作，数易其稿。

扩展资料

《飘》——作品影响

《飘》于1936年6月30日问世，打破了当时的所有出版纪录。前六月它的发行量便高达1000万册，日销售量最高达到5万册。它标价3美元，却被炒到了60美元，而当时美国一处不错的旅馆，月租金也不过30美元。如此叫好又叫座的成绩，使它在1937年荣获了普利策奖和美国出版商协会奖。

《飘》的人物性格塑造打破了传统的、单一的塑造方法，人物性格多元组合成为这部小说的一个重大亮点，以战争背景，鲜活的彰显了一个个鲜活的人物，更从斯嘉丽一家展现作者对于黑人平等的看法。

性格组合展现了一个圆形的人物，通过圆形的人物集合又展示了小说历史环境的多个方面，从而详尽地记录下了一段动荡的历史，一段硝烟的时刻，以及在这种时刻不同人的成长。

通过不同的性格发展，揭示了环境对于人的甚远影响，这种性格组合的描述方法也对后世小说艺术创作产生了很大的影响。

-飘

-斯佳丽

关于《飘》的作者米切尔

Margaret Munnerlyn Mitchell Marsh (November 8, 1900 – August 16, 1949), popularly known as Margaret Mitchell was an American author, who won the Pulitzer Prize in 1937 for her novel, Gone with the Wind, published in 1936. The novel is one of the most popular books of all time, selling more than 30 million copies (see list of best-selling books). An American film adaptation, released in 1939, became the highest-grossing film in the history of Hollywood, and received a record-breaking number of Academy Awards.[1]
Life
Margaret Mitchell was born in Atlanta, Georgia to Eugene Mitchell, a lawyer, and Mary Isabelle, much referred to as May Belle, a suffragist of Irish Catholic origin. Mitchell's brother, Stephens, was four years her senior. She often used the nickname "Peggy."[citation needed] Her childhood was spent in the laps of Civil War veterans and of her maternal relatives, who had lived through the Civil War.[citation needed]
After graduating from Washington Seminary (now The Westminster Schools), she attended Smith College, but withdrew following her final exams in 1918. She returned to Atlanta to take over the household after her mother's death earlier that year from the great Spanish flu pandemic of 1918 (Mitchell later used this pivotal scene from her own life to dramatize Scarlett's discovery of her mother's death from typhoid when Scarlett returns to Tara Plantation).
Shortly afterward, she defied the conventions of her class and times by taking a job at the Atlanta Journal, where she wrote a weekly column for the newspaper's Sunday edition as one of the first woman columnists at the South's largest newspaper. Mitchell's first professional writing assignment was an interview with an Atlanta socialite, whose couture-buying trip to Italy was interrupted by the Fascist takeover.[citation needed]
Mitchell married Red Upshaw in 1922, but they were divorced after it was revealed that he was a bootlegger. She later married Upshaw's friend, John Marsh, on July 4, 1925; Marsh had been best man at her first wedding and legend has it that both men courted Mitchell in 1921 and 1922, but Upshaw proposed first.[citation needed]
[edit] Occupation
From 1922 to 1926, Mitchell wrote dozens of articles, interviews, sketches, and book reviews, including interviews with silent-screen star Rudolph Valentino, high-society murderer Harry K. Thaw, and a Georgia prisoner who made artificial flowers from scraps and sold them from his cell to support his family.[citation needed]
She also wrote profiles of prominent Georgia Civil War generals. The first of these were so popular in Atlanta, that her editors assigned her several more. Scholars believe that it is her research for the profiles that later led her to write Gone With the Wind.
Using Mitchell's scrapbooks from the Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library at the University of Georgia, editor Patrick Allen collected 64 of the columns Mitchell considered her best work. They were published in 2000 under the title Margaret Mitchell, Reporter[2].
Her portraits and personality sketches in particular show a promise of her skill to portray the kind of characters who made Gone With the Wind the second best-selling book, next to the Bible, in history.[dubious – discuss][3] Even as a supposedly neutral reporter, her irrepressible personality shines through. This collection of Mitchell's journalism transcends fact-gathering, and shows Mitchell as a young woman and a compelling snapshot of life in the Jazz Age South.
[edit] Writing Gone with the Wind
Mitchell is reported to have begun writing Gone With the Wind while bedridden with a broken ankle. Her husband, John Marsh, brought home historical books from the public library to amuse her while she recuperated. After she supposedly read all the historical books in the library, he told her, "Peggy, if you want another book, why don't you write your own?" She drew upon her encyclopedic knowledge of the Civil War and dramatic moments from her own life, and typed her epic novel on an old Remington typewriter. She originally called the heroine "Pansy O'Hara", and Tara was "Fontenoy Hall". She considered naming the novel Tote The Weary Load or Tomorrow Is Another Day.[4]
Mitchell wrote for her own amusement, and with solid support from her husband, kept her novel secret from her friends. She hid the voluminous pages under towels, disguising them as a divan, hid them in her closets, and under her bed.[citation needed] She wrote the last chapter first, and skipped around from chapter to chapter. Her husband regularly proofread the growing manuscript to help in continuity. By 1929, her ankle had healed, most of the book was written, and she lost interest in pursuing her literary efforts. The bulk of the work was written between 1925 and 1930 in an apartment Mitchell called "The Dump"[5]: the Crescent Apartments are now listed on the National Register of Historic Places and are operated as a museum to Mitchell's memory.
While Mitchell used to say that her Gone With the Wind characters were not based on real people, modern researchers have found similarities to some of the people in her life, and people she knew or heard of. For example, the character Rhett Butler may have been modeled after her first husband. The last thing he said to her (supposedly) was, "My dear, I don't give a damn",[citation needed] which Rhett says to Scarlett before he leaves her in the book. ("Frankly" was added for the movie.)
[edit] Historic basis
On April 4, 1989, Dr. E. Lee Spence, an internationally known shipwreck expert, archaeologist, and historian, from Charleston, South Carolina, announced his discovery that Margaret Mitchell, who had claimed that her Pulitzer Prize winning novel Gone With The Wind was pure fiction, had actually taken much of her compelling story of love, greed and war from real life[6] and that Mitchell had actually based Rhett Butler on the life of George Alfred Trenholm, a tall, handsome shipping and banking magnate from Charleston, South Carolina, who had made millions of dollars from blockade running, was accused of making off with much of the Confederate treasury, and had been thrown into prison after the Civil War.[7][8] Spence's literary discovery that had its roots in his prior discoveries of some of Trenholm's wrecked blockade runners made international news.[9]
In his book, Treasures of the Confederate Coast: The "Real Rhett Butler" and Other Revelations, Dr. Spence reveals what the editors of Life magazine called "overwhelming evidence" that Trenholm was the historical basis for Mitchell's romantic sea captain. Spence's book gives a compelling case that Mitchell had falsely claimed Rhett was pure fiction.[10]
According to Dr. Spence's research, Trenholm had been on the verge of bankruptcy at the outbreak of hostilities, yet by the end of the Civil War controlled over sixty large steamers and numerous sailing ships. His amazingly successful blockade-running ventures had earned him today's equivalent of well over $1 billion in gold, making him both fabulously wealthy and enormously powerful. Trenholm's ships sailed out of the ports of Charleston, South Carolina, Wilmington, North Carolina, Savannah, Georgia, and New York City.
Mitchell wrote that Atlanta believed Rhett had made off with the gold of the Confederate Treasury, an improbable feat for the captain of a ship. However, unlike Rhett, Trenholm was not just a ship's captain. By the end of the Civil War, he was not only the South's most successful blockade runner, but also Treasurer of the Confederacy. When the government gold and the jewels entrusted to the Treasury by banks and private citizens disappeared, many believed Trenholm had stolen it.
After the Civil War, both men were arrested and threatened with execution. Both had much younger women visit them in jail and both men tried to comfort them as the women shed tears over the men's proposed fate. Both women were from good families and were widows of Confederate officers. Each had a reputation for being "fast", but was still received in society. In fact, when Trenholm's lady friend was introduced to the famed novelist Lord Thackeray at a party, he insulted her by saying that he had been looking forward to meeting her because he had heard she was the "fastest" lady received in society. She returned the insult by saying that they had both been misinformed because she had been told he was a "gentleman."
See George Alfred Trenholm for a more detailed account of the ties between George Trenholm and Rhett Butler.
[edit] Publication
Mitchell lived as a modest Atlanta newspaperwoman until a visit from MacMillan editor Harold Latham, who visited Atlanta in 1935.[11] Latham was scouring the South for promising writers, and Mitchell agreed to escort him around Atlanta at the request of her friend, Lois Cole, who worked for Latham. Latham was enchanted with Mitchell, and asked her if she had ever written a book. Mitchell demurred. "Well, if you ever do write a book, please show it to me first!" Latham implored. Later that day, a friend of Mitchell, having heard this conversation laughed. "Imagine, anyone as silly as Peggy writing a book!" she said. Mitchell stewed over this comment, went home, and found most of the old, crumbling envelopes containing her disjointed manuscript. She arrived at The Georgian Terrace Hotel, just as Latham prepared to depart Atlanta. "Here," she said, "take this before I change my mind!"[citation needed]
Latham bought an extra suitcase to accommodate the giant manuscript. When Mitchell arrived home, she was horrified over her impetuous act, and sent a telegram to Latham: "Have changed my mind. Send manuscript back."[citation needed] But Latham had read enough of the manuscript to realize it would be a blockbuster. He wrote to her of his thoughts about its potential success. MacMillan soon sent her an advance check to encourage her to complete the novel — she had not composed a first chapter. She completed her work in March 1936.
Gone With the Wind was published on June 30, 1936. The book was dramatized by David O. Selznick, and released three years later. The premiere of the film was held in Atlanta on December 15, 1939.
"Gone with the Wind" was such an overnight success for its publisher George Platt Brett, President of Macmillan Publishing, gave all its employees an 18% bonus in 1936.[12]
[edit] Death

Mitchell's grave in Oakland Cemetery in AtlantaMitchell was struck by a speeding automobile as she crossed Peachtree Street at 13th Street with her husband, John Marsh, on her way to see the British film A Canterbury Tale at The Peachtree Art Theatre in August 1949. She died at Grady Hospital five days later without regaining consciousness. The driver, Hugh Gravitt, was an off-duty taxi driver. He was driving his personal vehicle at the time, but his occupation led to many erroneous references over the years to Mitchell’s having been struck by a taxi. Gravitt had been out on $5,450 bond, having been arrested for drunken driving. He had 23 previous traffic violations, according to the police.[citation needed] This incident prompted Georgia Gov. Herman Talmadge to announce that the state would tighten regulations for licensing taxi drivers. [1]
Gravitt was later convicted of involuntary manslaughter and served 11 months in prison. [13] His conviction was controversial because witnesses said Mitchell stepped into the street without looking, and her friends claimed she often did this.
She was buried in Oakland Cemetery in Atlanta.
The house where Mitchell lived while writing her manuscript is known today as The Margaret Mitchell House and located in Midtown Atlanta. A museum dedicated to Gone with the Wind lies a few miles north of Atlanta, in Marietta, Georgia. It is called "Scarlett On the Square", as it is located on the historic Marietta Square. It houses costumes from the film, screenplays, and many artifacts from Gone With the Wind including Mitchell's collection of foreign editions of her book. The house and the museum are major tourist destinations. Another dedication to Mitchell was the 1994 film A Burning Passion: The Margaret Mitchell Story, starring Shannen Doherty as the writer.
Clayton County, the area just south of Atlanta and the setting for the fictional O'Hara plantation, Tara, maintains "The Road to Tara" Museum in the old railroad depot in downtown Jonesboro.
For decades it was thought that Mitchell had only ever written one complete novel. (In fact, periodically claims are made that she never wrote it at all due to the lack of any other published work by her). But in the 1990s, a manuscript by Mitchell of a novel entitled Lost Laysen was discovered among a collection of letters Mitchell had given in the early 1920s to a suitor named Henry Love Angel. The manuscript had been written in two notebooks in 1916. In the 1990s, Angel's son discovered the manuscript and sent it to the Road to Tara Museum, which authenticated the work. A special edition of Lost Laysen — a romance set in the South Pacific — was edited by Debra Freer, augmented with an account of Mitchell and Angel's romance including a number of her letters to him, and published by the Scribner imprint of Simon & Schuster in 1996.

飘的创作背景是怎样的？

《飘》这篇小说以美国的南北战争为背景，以两条情节为线，即女主人公的爱情悲剧及南方奴隶主在战争中的节节失败，展示了动乱年代南方人民的生活，同时作者也表露出反对奴隶制、支持北方革命的思想。由于家庭的熏陶，米切尔对美国历史，特别是南北战争时期美国南方的历史产生了浓厚的兴趣。她在家乡听闻了大量有关内战和战后重建时期的种种轶事和传闻，接触并阅读了大量有关内战的书籍。她自幼在南部城市亚特兰大成长，耳濡目染了美国南方的风土人情，这里的自然环境和社会环境成了米切尔文思纵横驰骋的背景和创作的源泉。

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