语法高级技巧：如何运用倒装句

倒装句是英语语法中的一种高级技巧，它在句子结构中颠倒了主语和谓语的位置。倒装句能够给句子增加语气、强调某些信息、使句子更加流畅等优点，因此在英语写作和口语表达中经常被使用。本文将从多个角度分析如何运用倒装句。

语法高级技巧：如何运用倒装句

1. 完全倒装句

完全倒装句是最基本的倒装句形式，主语和谓语的位置被颠倒，谓语动词位于主语之前。例如：

Not only did he finish the project on time, but he also did an excellent job.

在这个句子中，主语和谓语的位置被颠倒，谓语动词did位于主语he之前。这种完全倒装句常用于强调句子中的某些信息，例如在上面的句子中，强调的是他按时完成项目并且做得很好。

2. 部分倒装句

部分倒装句是在句子中只将助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，而不是将整个谓语动词颠倒过来。例如：

Had I known you were coming, I would have prepared dinner.

在这个句子中，只有助动词had被放在主语I之前，而动词known和would have prepared则没有被倒装。这种部分倒装句常用于表示假设、虚拟语气和条件句等。

3. 介词短语倒装句

当句子中有表示地点、时间或方向的介词短语时，可以将介词短语放在句首，然后将主语和谓语颠倒过来。例如：

Under the tree sat a young girl reading a book.

在这个句子中，介词短语under the tree被放在了句首，主语a young girl和谓语动词sat则被颠倒过来。这种介词短语倒装句常用于描述地点或场景。

4. 倒装句的否定形式

在倒装句中，当出现否定词时，一般将其放在主语之前。例如：

Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.

在这个句子中，否定词never被放在了主语I之前，整个句子被颠倒过来。这种倒装句的否定形式常用于表示强烈的否定或惊讶。

总之，倒装句是一种非常有用的英语语法技巧，能够丰富句子的表达方式，强调某些信息，使句子更加流畅。在使用倒装句时，需要注意语境和语气，根据需要选择不同的倒装句形式，以达到最佳的表达效果。

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如何正确使用倒装句

倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种完全倒装和部分倒装。

1 倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he comes.Away they went.

2 倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

注意 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.

典型例题

1) Why cant I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permittedB. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.

2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did knowB. man knowC. didnt man knowD. did man know
答案D.看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。

3 以否定词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

典型例题
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game beganB. has the game begun
C. did the game beginD. had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。

注意只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.

4 so, neither, nor作部分倒装

表示也、也不 的句子要部分倒装。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you wont go, neither will I.

典型例题
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I dont know, _____.
A. nor dont I careB. nor do I careC. I dont care neitherD. I dont care also
答案B. nor为增补意思也不关心，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 dont 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。

注意 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为的确如此。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---Its raining hard. ---So it is.

5 only在句首要倒装的情况
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.

6 as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。

注意
1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

注意
让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。

7 其他部分倒装
1)so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中
May you all be happy.

3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
Were I you, I would try it again.

典型例题
1） Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did knowB. man knewC. didnt man knowD. did man know
答案为D. 否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。

2） Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didnt I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didnt realize D. I realize
答案为B。

3) Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I dont know, ___.
A. nor dont I careB. nor do I care
C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also
解析答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示也不。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。

英语语法倒装讲解，要完整的

一般来说，倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装，有的倒装是因为语法需要而出现的，有的倒装则是因为结构平衡的需要而出现的。
一、完全倒装（主谓倒装）是指把谓语全部提到主语的前面。例：Inthe harbor sits Denmark"s bestknown landmark,the Little Mermaid
1.以here, there，now, then引导的句子，要完全倒装。这种句子中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。
如：Here comes the train! /There goes the bell!
注意：若代词作主语，只把该副词提前主谓语序不变。Here he comes . /Here it is .
2句首是拟声词或 out , in , up ,away , down 等副词，句子要完全倒装。（注意，这时句子的主语也必须是名词。如果是人称代词，也不能使用倒装结构。）如：Up went the rocket. /Up it went.
3. 介词短语作状语在句首，句子要完全倒装。注意，这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。
如：In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.
4.表语置于句首，且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装。如：Gone are the days when we ha nothing to eat.
5.so/ neither/ nor 表前面所说的情况也适合于后者，其倒装结构为“so/ neither/ nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词”，这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。如：She has finished her homework, so has her brother.
She hasn’t gone there, neither/ nor has he.
二、部分倒装（助动词倒装）是指把谓语的一部分（助动词）提到主语的前面。 例： Never in my life have I seen such a thing.
1.用于疑问句中。如：How did you do that?Did you see the film yesterday?
2. if 从句中如有 were ( had , should ) , if 省去后，要部分倒装,把were，had，should提到主语前面。如：
If you had come yesterday, you would have seen him.
---Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.
3.as 引导的让步状语从句，要部分倒装（表语、状语倒装）。有以下几种形式：
1） 副词置于句首。如：Much as I like it (=Although I like it very much), I will not buy it.
2） 动词置于句首。如：Wait as you may (= Although you may wait), he will not see you.
3） 形容词或名词置于句首。如：Proud as the nobles are (=Although the nobles are proud), they are afraid to see me.
Child as he is (=Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong.
注意：如果名词前有形容词修饰时，as引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词。如：
A bad-tempered man as he is (=Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.
4.句首为否定词或否定意义的词语时，句子要部分倒装。( not , not only , never , little , seldom , not until, hardly ( scarcely ) , no sooner, not once, at no time,... )　
Little do we know about him.
No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleep.
Seldom does he come back on Sundays.
Not until he came back did I know about it.
5.only 在句首引导状语，或not until 引导的状语在句首，主句要部分倒装。如：
Only then did I realize the important of English. / Only when a child grows up does he understand his parents’ intentions.
但若only修饰的是句子的其它成分，则无需倒装。如：Only socialism can save China. (only修饰句子的主语，仍用正常语序)
6.not only ... but also ... 引导两个并列句，前倒后不倒。如：
Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lessons.
7.在以often, well, many a time, now and again等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构
Many a time has John given me good advice. / Often have we made that test.
8. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。May you succeed!
9. so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
so…that结构中的倒装。有时要强调so 所修饰的形容词或副词，常将so连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首。这时，主句要用倒装结构。如：
He runs so fast that he is far ahead of others.---So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.
He is so clever that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.
--So clever is he that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.(全部倒装)
10.状语位于句首表示强调或使句子平衡，或使上下文紧密衔接，句子要部分倒装。
倒装句的用法
1 . 在以 here , there , in , out , up , down , away , back , now , then 等副词开头的句子里，如果主语是名词，常用全部倒装。
Out rushed the boys . /Then followed three days of heavy rain .
若代词作主语，只把该副词提前主谓语序不变。Here he comes . /Here it is .
2 . 当句首状语是表示地点的介词词组时，也常常引起全部倒装。South of the city lies a big steel factory .
3 . 以带有否定意义而且修饰全句的词开头的句子，要用“部分倒装”语序 ( 倒装的方法跟变一般疑问句的方法相似 ) 。这类常见词有 never , hardly , seldom , not , not only , not until ( 引导从句时，主句“部分倒装” ) ，little , rarely , no sooner . . . than , hardly . . . when , scarcely . . . when。 例:Never shall I do this again .
其中 no sooner . . . than , hardly . . . when , scarcely . . . when 表示“一……就……”的意思。no sooner , hardly , scarcely 引出的主句要用“部分倒装”形式的过去完成时，than , when 引出的从句用过去时。
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain .
如果带有否定意义的词不是修饰全句，只是修饰主语，那么句子的主谓不必倒装。
Scarcely a sound came from among the crowd .
4 . so 修饰形容词或副词，only 修饰副词或状语放在句首时“部分倒装”。
So badly was he injured in the accident that he was sent to the hospital for treatment . /Only in this way can you master English .
如果 only 修饰主语，句子则不倒装。例如:Only Wang Lin knows this .
5. neither , nor 或 no more 放在句首，作“也不”讲时，所引导的句子部分倒装。He can’ t answer the question . Neither can I .
6.为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时，需倒装。
Gone are the days when we used foreign oil .
7.由 as , though ( although ) 引导的表示“虽然”，“尽管”的让步状语从句，用倒装语序，即把从句中的表语或状语等放在 as 的前面。

请举几个英语倒装句的用法以及例子

英语倒装句用法浅析
倒装(Inversion)是一种语法手段,用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要.英语的最基本结构是主、谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的结构加以颠倒.
倒装有两种:将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装(Complete Inversion).如:In came a man with a white beard.
只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装(Partial Inversion).如:Only once was John late to class.
英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装.前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异.下面本文就拟从其修辞功能谈谈倒装句的用法.
一、 表示强调:
倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下:
1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装.
例1:Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题.
例2:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误.
2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装.
例1: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨.
例2: Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班.
3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分.
例1:So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌.
例2:To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了.
以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果.
二、 承上启下
有时倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承上启下的作用.
例1: They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了.一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上.
例2: We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain. 我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平.我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋.
三、 制造悬念,渲染气氛
在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒装来制造悬念,渲染气氛.如:
Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墙上挂着一幅精美的图画.
再如朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节:
Out of the bosom of the Air,
Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,
Over the woodlands brown and bare,
Over the harvest-fields forsaken,
Silent, and soft, and slow,
Descends the snow.
在这一节诗里 ,诗人就富有创意地运用了倒装.在前五行中 ,诗人堆砌了七个状语,状语连续出现而主语和谓语却迟迟未露 ,造成一种悬念效应.全节读罢 ,读者才对诗歌的主题恍然大悟 ,因而收到了不同凡响的艺术效果.
四、 平衡结构
英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡.在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,我们常采用倒装语序.
1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序.
例1:A. To the coal mine came a -pany of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
B. A pany of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
一个连队的 *** 战士来到了那座煤矿,奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工.
例2:A. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去.
从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥 ,读起来自然流畅,而采用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭.因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果.
2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前.如:
Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子.
3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡.如:
Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的信在这儿.
五、 使描写生动
有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外).如:
Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了.
Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去.
Boom went the cannon! 轰隆一声大炮开火了!
Bang came another shot!砰!又是一声枪响!
以上句子简洁明快 ,生动逼真地描述了有关动作 ,令我们一览此类倒装的风采.但这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现得更为清楚.
“Stop thief! Stop thief!” There is a magic cry in the sound. The trade *** an leaves his counter, ... Away they run, pell—mell, helter—skelter, yelling—screaming, ...
“Stop thief ! Stop thief !” The cry is taking by a hundred voices, ... Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the window, out run the people. ( Dickens )
作者在第一段和第二段中分别用副词away, up和out位于句首引出四个倒装句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the people.从而制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛 ,生动地刻画了一个紧张、混乱的捉贼场面.
倒装是英语中一个重要的修辞手段.倒装句的使用丰富了我们的语言表达,了解并掌握倒装句各种句式的用法 , 不仅会提高我们对英语语言的欣赏能力 , 对英语表达能力的提高也将大有裨益.因此,写作中适当用一些倒装句式定会使文章表达更生动、有力.

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