语法进阶实战：如何运用省略句

在英语语法中，省略句是一种常见的现象，指在句子中省略掉某些成分，但不影响句子的完整性和语义的表达。如何正确地运用省略句成为了英语学习中的一个重要环节。在本文中，我们将从多个角度分析如何运用省略句。

语法进阶实战：如何运用省略句

一、省略句的类型

省略句一般包括主语省略、谓语省略、宾语省略、定语从句省略、状语从句省略等多种类型。在实际应用中，我们需要根据语境和句子结构的特点，选择正确的省略方式。例如：

1. 主语省略

原句：I am very busy these days.

省略后：(I) am very busy these days.

2. 谓语省略

原句：John will go to the party tomorrow.

省略后：John will (go) to the party tomorrow.

3. 宾语省略

原句：I bought some apples at the supermarket.

省略后：I bought (some) at the supermarket.

4. 定语从句省略

原句：The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.

省略后：The book (that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.

5. 状语从句省略

原句：When I arrived at the station, the train had already left.

省略后：When I arrived at the station, the train had already (left).

二、省略句的使用条件

在运用省略句时，需要注意以下几点：

1. 主语省略只适用于口语或非正式场合，正式场合应避免使用。

2. 谓语省略只适用于主语已经明确的情况下，否则会造成歧义。

3. 宾语省略只适用于句子中的宾语已经明确，否则会造成歧义。

4. 定语从句省略只适用于定语从句中的关系代词在主句中作主语时，否则会造成歧义。

5. 状语从句省略只适用于口语或非正式场合，正式场合应避免使用。

三、省略句的优点

运用省略句有以下几个优点：

1. 简洁明了

省略句可以减少冗余的内容，并使句子更加简洁明了。

2. 节省时间

省略句可以节省时间并提高语言表达的效率。

3. 提高表达能力

运用省略句可以提高语言表达的能力，并让人们的语言更加自然流畅。

四、省略句的注意事项

在运用省略句时，需要注意以下几点：

1. 避免歧义

省略句容易造成歧义，应注意避免。

2. 与上下文保持一致

省略句应与上下文保持一致，避免与上下文的意思产生冲突。

3. 避免过度使用

过度使用省略句会使句子难以理解，应适度使用。

总之，运用省略句可以使句子更加简洁明了，提高语言表达的效率和能力。然而，在使用过程中需要注意避免歧义，与上下文保持一致，避免过度使用。掌握省略句的使用技巧，有助于提高英语口语和写作的能力。

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高考英语语法省略的用法怎样用？举例

英语中为了避免重复，往往省去一个词语或更多成分，这种语法现象称为省略。省略的情况复杂、多样，综合近年来的高考题，常在以下几个方面对省略进行考查。
一、 考查状语从句中的省略
例1. When first ______to the market, theseproducts enjoyed great success. (2004高考)
A. introducing B.introducedC.introduceD.being introduced
2._____with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does notseem big at all. (2004湖北)
A. CompareB.When comparingC. ComparingD.Whencompared
3.The research is so designed thatoncenothing can be done to change it. (2002年全国)
A. beginsB. havingbegun C. beginningD.begun
Key：1.B2.D 3.D
简析 状语从句中，如果主句的主语和从句的主语一致，且状语从句的谓语动词中有be动词，从句的主语连同be可一起省略，该类状语从句多为时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等，连词为when,while, though, if, unless, although, as if等，后面通常接分词、不定式、形容词、名词等。
例Look out for cars when （you are） crossingthe street.
另外，在when /if it is necessary , possible 结构中， it is通常省略。
例Drop in on me if (it is ) possible.
二、 考查定语从句中关系代词及关系副词的省略
例.1.That’s an unpleasant thing to say aboutyour father after _______ he’s done for you. (2004高考)
A. something B. anything C. all D.that
2. Playing tricks on others is ______we should never do.(2004湖南)
A. anything B.somethingC.everything D.nothing
3. What surprised me was not what he said but___he said it. (2004湖北)
A. the wayB. in the waythat C. in the wayD. the way which
Key:1.C2.B 3.A
简析 关系代词在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后可以省略；关系副词 that在先行词reason/ way后的省略。
例This is the reason why / for which / that/省略he was late. (that 为关系副词，可省略)
三、不定式符号to 的省略
例:1.A computer does only what thinking people _________.(1999上海)
A. have it do B. have itdoneC. havedone itD.having it done
2. We’ve missed the last bus. I’m afraid we have no choice but_____ a taxi. (1993上海)
A. to take B.takingC. takeD.taken
Key:1.A2.A
简析:不定式在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice, look at , listento, overhear, observe 和使役动词 have, make, let 后作宾语补足语时,不定式省略to。
例 I watched him disappear in the distance.
不定式符号to在介词but ,except, besides后的省略。介词but ,except,besides 后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词do,不定式要省去to。
例We did nothing but/except wait then.
不定式符号to作表语时的省略。当主语部分有行为动词do,作表语的不定式to可省略。
例What I want to do now is find some books to read.
四、考查不定式后动词的省略
例: 1.--- Would you like to go to the Great Theatre with metonight.
--- ______.(1999上海高考)
A. Yes, I would like to go to the Great Theater with youtonight.
B. I’d love to, but I have an exam tomorrow.
C. No, I wouldn’tD.That’s all right
2.--- Does your brother intend to studyGermany?
--- Yes, heintends ________. (1998上海高考)
A./B.toC.soD.that
3.--- I’ll be away on a business trip. Wouldyou mind looking after my car?
--- Not atall. ________. (1995NMET)
A. I’ve no time B. I’d rathernot C. I’d likeitD. I’d behappy to
Key:1.B2.B 3.D
简析 动词love, mean, want, hate, like,wish,expect, hope，try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem 及be glad(pleased, delighted, happy) to等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留to不定式符号。
例--- How about going for a walk ?
--- I’d like to ( go for a walk ) .
句式would have done …, should have done…, ought to have done…,needn’t have done …, used to be …等省略形式为 would have ,should have , ought to have, needn’t have , used to be,要保留不定式后的be或have。
例 ---Are you a sailor ?
--- No, but I used to be (a sailor).
五、对替代词so 及not 的考查
1. --- You haven’t lost the ticket, have you?
--- ______.I know it’s not easy to get another one at the moment.(2004江苏高考)
A. I hopenotB. Yes, Ihave C. I hope soD. Yes, I’m afraidso
2. --- The boys are not doing a good job at all,are they ?
--- ________.(2003北京春)
A. I guess notso B. I don’t guess C. I don’t guesssoD. I guessnot
3.--- I believe we’ve met somewhere before.
--- No, ________. (2000北京春)
A. it isn’t the sameB. it can’t be trueC. I don’t think soD. I’d rather not
Key:1.A2.D 3.C
简析 替代词so /not用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，代替肯定的名词性从句。可与动词believe, do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, speak, suppose, think 等及I’m afraid连用。肯定时上列动词都可与so 搭配，否定时hope与guess只用I hope not 和I guess not 形式，而think ,believe , suppose等词可有两种否定形式 ，即：I think not 或I don’t think so.
例 --- Is he going to studyabroad?
--- I believe so. ( so = he is going to study abroad)
六、 考查虚拟语气中if 及should 的省略
1._____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to putoff the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. ( 1994上海 )
A. Were B. ShouldC. WouldD.Will
2.What would have happened _______ as far as the river bank ?(2001上海高考)
A. Bob hadwalkedfartherB. if Bobshould walk farther
C. had BobwalkedfartherD. if Bobwalked farther
3.Jane’s pale face suggested that she _____ill, and her parents suggested that she ___ a medical examination.( 1994上海高考)
A. be,should haveB. was,have C. should be, had D. was,has
4.____be sent to work there ? (2002上海高考)
A. Who do you suggestB.Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest whoshouldD. Do yousuggest
Key:1.B2.C3.B 4.A
简析 在书面语中,当条件从句有were, had, should 时省略if , 把它们提至句首,形成倒装句式。
在含有建议、要求、命令等相关的名词性从句用should + V ，should可以省略。
例He suggested that she (should ) go atonce.
注suggest表示“暗示” 时用陈述语气
七、 会话中的省略
例: 1.---Guess what ! I came across an old friend at the party lastnight.
--- ______. I’m sure you had a wonderful time. (2004辽宁)
A. Soundsgood! B. Very wellC. How nice ! D. All right!
2.--- Let’s go and have a good drink tonight.
--- _____ Have you got the first prize in the competition?(2004重庆)
A. What for ?B. Thanks alot .C. Yes, I’d liketoD. Why not?
3. ---Brad was Jane’sbrother!
--- _____ he reminded me so much of Jane ! (2004浙江)
A. No doubt B. Above allC. No wonderD. Of course
4. If you are planning to spend your moneyhaving fun this week, better ____ it —— you’ve got some bigbills coming. (2004广东高考)
A. forget B.forgot C. forgetting D. toforget
Key:1.C2.A3.C 4.A
简析 省略在会话中广泛应用，解题时应按照问话或答语的具体内容补充完整,做好该类题型一是要注意上下文语境，二是要注意常见句式的省略。英语中常见句式的省略有：
1.It is … (that…) 强调句式中that部分省略。 2.(It is) No wonder … ( 难怪…)
3.(Is there) Anything else ?
4.(You’d) Better do
5.have some difficulty( in) doing, prevent sb (from) doing sth等词组中介词在口语中常省略
例:1.--- Where did you see him last night?
--- It was in the hotel ____ he stayed.
A. where B.thatC.which D. /
2. You can’t imagine the great difficulty I had _____ yourhouse.
A. finding B.foundC. tofindD. find
key1.A2.A
简析第1题可以补全强调句式that 部分： It was inthe hotel where he stayed that I saw him last night. hotel后为定语从句。
第2题是对have difficulty in doing sth词组置于定语从句的考查，介词in 的省略加大了该题的难度。
高考链接
1. --- Go for a picnic this weekend, OK?
--- ______. I love getting close to nature. (2004福建)
A. I couldn’t agreemore B. I’m afraid not
C. I believenotD. I don’t think so
2. --- Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer ?
--- _______? (2004 全国I 卷)
A. WhatforB. What is it
C. How isitD. How come
3. It is easy to do the repair. ________ you need is a hammer andsome nails. (2004天津高考)
A.Something B. All
C.BothD. Everything
4. Unless ______ to speak, you should remain silent at theconference. (2003年上海春季高考)
A.invited B. inviting
C. beinginvitedD. having invited
5. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if____whether he was going in the right direction.（2003年北京春季）
A.seeing B. having seen
C. to haveseen D. to see
6. Though ______ money, his parents managed to send him touniversity. (2002 年上海高考)
A.lacked B. lacking of
C.lacking D. lacked in
7. When ______, the museum will be open to the public next year.(2002年 上海春季高考)
A.completedB. completing
C. beingcompletedD. to be completed
8. He made another wonderful discovery, ____ of great importance toscience. ( 1998上海高考)
A. which I think is B. which Ithink it is
C. which I thinkitD. I thinkis
9. If ________ the same treatment again, he is sure to get well.(1998年上海高考)
A.giving B.give
C.givenD. beinggiven
10.--- Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?
---I ________, but I had an unexpected visitor. (1997NMET）
A.had B. would
C. was goingto D.did
Key:1-5.AABAA 6-10. CAACC
综上所述，高考对省略的考查主要对状语从句中的省略、不定式的省略、否定问句的省略回答、虚拟条件句中if的省略及比较级的省略的考查。只有掌握了常见的省略现象及其考查形式，才能以不变应万变，在高考中立于不败之地。

高中英语语法：省略与倒装详解。（不要习题）

倒装句
1.全部倒装
全部倒装是指整个谓语放到主语的前面，即谓语在前，主语
在后。有下列几种：
(1)there be (lie, stand, live...)句型。there be是谓语，其后的名词
是主语。
There are different forms of energy.
On the top of the mountain there stands an old temple.
Once upon a time, there lived a poor fisherman.
(2)在以here, there, out, in, up, down, away，now，then等开头的
句子中。
There goes the bell.
Here comes the bus.
Out rushed the boy.
Away went the children.
The door opened and there entered a middle-aged man.
【注意】主语是人称代词时不倒装。例如：
Here it is.给你。
Away he went.他走了。
(3)直接引语在句首。
“What does it mean?” asked the boy.
(4)为了使句子保持平衡，有时需要倒装。
Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.
On the winding path were to be found footprints of some
strange animals.
2.部分倒装
即将谓语的一部分提到主语之前。相当于变为一般疑问句中的
谓语。是倒装句的重点,也是高考考查的热点之一。
部分倒装主要有以下几种情况：
(1)Only +状语在句首：
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
Only when the war was over in1918 was he able to get happily
back to work.
【注意】如果only后没有状语，即使在句首也不倒装。例如：
Only a doctor can do it.
(2)否定副词在句首。这类副词主要有：hardly, seldom, little, not,
nor, neither, not only...but also, no sooner...than,
hardly...when，in no time等。
Little does he care about what others think.
Not a single mistake did he make.
Never shall I forget it.
Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.
No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.
Not until he came back did I leave.
At no time should you leave your post.
(3)由so引起的表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人(或东西)或由
neither/nor引起的表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人(或东
西)的句型：
She is a teacher. So is her brother.
You can drive. So can I.
She can’t do the work. Neither/Nor can I.
注意：如果是重复相同的意思，不倒装。例如：
—It was cold yesterday.
—So it was.
(4)so...that 句型，如果so在句首。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could
hear him.
So shallow was the water that there were no fish in the lake.
(5)省略了if的虚拟条件句。
Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something.
Should anyone call, tell him to wait for me here.
Were I not engaged in my present work, I would be quite willing
to do what you ask me to.
3.只把表语、宾语、状语提到句首。这类倒装既不是全部倒装，
又不同于部分倒装，只把表语、宾语、状语提到句首，谓语动、
词并不倒装。
(1)as引导让步状语从句：
Young as he is, he is very brave.
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
(2)however与no matter how引导的让步状语从句：
However great the difficulty may be, we won’t lose heart.
(3)感叹句：
What a warm welcome they received!
How fast he ran!
(4)the more...the more句型：
The farther away a thing is, the smaller it looks.

省略句
1.省略主语：
(I) Haven’t seen you for ages.
(It) Doesn’t matter.
(It) Looks like rain.
2.省略谓语或谓语的一部分：
(Is there) Anything you want?
(Is) Anything the matter?
(Does) Anybody need help?
(Are) You hungry?
3.省略宾语：
—Which of them is the better choice?
—Well, it’s hard to tell (it).
—Where is George?
—I don’t know (where he is).
4.省略主语和谓语：
What a pity (it is) you can’t go to the lecture.
(I’m) Sorry！
(I’m) Afraid I can’t come.
—Did you like the film?
—Oh, very much.
5.省略不定式：
He didn’t come, though we had invited him to (come).
6.简单句中的省略,对话中最普遍。
—Will you join us?
—I should love to.
—Are you tired?
—Not very.
—What made Tom unhappy？
—Losing the match.
—I went to an exhibition this morning.
—With whom?
Hope to hear from you soon.
Anybody against it?
7.复合句中的省略：
—Did you know anything about it?
—Not until you told me.
—Shall I make a copy of it?
—Yes, if time permits.
—Is he coming back tonight?
—I guess so.
—She may not be free today.
—If so, we’ll have to put the meeting off.
8.在状语从句中也有省略现象：
When (it is) completed, the power station will supply enough
electricity.
If (it is) necessary, I’ll go there myself.
She told the children not to talk while (they were) eating.
Anyone, no matter who (he is), may point out our shortcomings.
9.并列句中的省略：后面分句与前句相同的部分，可省略。
I work in a factory and my brother (works) on a farm.
My room is on the second floor and his, on the third.
He majors in English and I in French.