语法提高指南：如何运用状语从句

状语从句是英语语法中非常重要的一部分。它可以用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、名词等，使句子更加丰富、有力。在使用状语从句时，需要掌握一些基本的语法知识和技巧，下面我们将从多个角度分析如何运用状语从句。

语法提高指南：如何运用状语从句

一、状语从句的基本结构

状语从句是一个包含主语和谓语的从句，它在句子中作为一个状语，用来修饰句子中的动词、形容词、副词等。状语从句通常由连词引导，如when, while, after, before, since, until, unless, although, if, whether等。

例如：

- When I was young, I used to play basketball every day.

- Although it was raining, we went out for a walk.

- If you have any questions, please feel free to ask me.

二、状语从句的种类

1. 时间状语从句

时间状语从句用来表示主句的动作发生的时间，通常由when, while, as, before, after, since, until等引导。

例如：

- When I arrived at the station, the train had already left.

- After I finish my homework, I will go to bed.

- Since I started learning English, my life has changed a lot.

2. 地点状语从句

地点状语从句用来表示主句的动作发生的地点，通常由where, wherever等引导。

例如：

- Wherever you go, I will follow you.

- He built his house where the river meets the sea.

3. 原因状语从句

原因状语从句用来表示主句的动作发生的原因，通常由because, since, as, for等引导。

例如：

- Because he was ill, he didn't go to work.

- Since it's raining, we can't go out.

- As I'm busy with my work, I can't attend the party.

4. 结果状语从句

结果状语从句用来表示主句的动作产生的结果，通常由so, such that, that等引导。

例如：

- He was so tired that he fell asleep on the sofa.

- The weather was so bad that we had to cancel the trip.

5. 条件状语从句

条件状语从句用来表示主句的动作发生的条件，通常由if, unless等引导。

例如：

- If it rains tomorrow, we won't go hiking.

- Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exam.

三、状语从句的位置

状语从句可以放在句首、句中或句尾，根据句子的需要来决定。

例如：

- When I was young, I used to play basketball every day. (句首)

- I will go to bed after I finish my homework. (句中)

- We can't go out because it's raining. (句尾)

四、状语从句的时态

状语从句的时态要根据主句的时态来决定。如果主句是现在时或将来时，那么从句的时态可以是现在时、将来时或虚拟语气；如果主句是过去时，那么从句的时态可以是过去时、过去完成时或虚拟语气。

例如：

- If it rains tomorrow, we won't go hiking. (主句是将来时，从句用现在时)

- If I have time, I will visit you. (主句是现在时，从句用将来时)

- If I had known the truth, I wouldn't have made that mistake. (主句是过去完成时，从句用过去完成时)

五、状语从句的语序

状语从句的语序是从句中的主语+谓语，和主句的语序相同。但如果从句的主语和主句的主语不同，需要根据句子的需要来决定语序。

例如：

- When he comes, tell him to call me. (从句的主语和主句的主语不同，从句中主语+谓语的语序不变)

- I will go wherever you go. (从句的主语和主句的主语相同，从句中主语+谓语的语序和主句相同)

六、状语从句的注意事项

1. 注意时态和语序的一致性。

2. 注意连词的使用，不同的连词引导不同的状语从句。

3. 注意从句和主句之间的逻辑关系，从句必须和主句有明确的关系。

4. 注意虚拟语气的使用，有时需要用虚拟语气来表示假设、愿望等情况。

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英语语法状语]从句

定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。

一、 限定性定语从句

1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置

2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢

3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略

4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语

5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句

6. when引导定语从句表示时间

〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导

By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.

I still remember the first time I met her.

Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.

7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格

8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导

二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分

2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which

Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。

I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。

We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。

3. 有时as也可用作关系代词

4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物

状语从句

§ 1状语从句的种类

用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为：

1.时间状语从句；(adverbial clause of time)

2.地点状语从句；(adverbial clause of place)

3.原因状语从句；(adverbial clause of cause)

4.条件状语从句；(adverbial clause of condition)

5.目的状语从句；(adverbial clause of purpose)

6.让步状语从句；(adverbial clause of concession)

7.比较状语从句；(adverbial clause of comparison)

8.程度状语从句；(adverbial clause of degree)

9.方式状语从句；(adverbial clause of manner)

10.结果状语从句。(adverbial clause of result)

§2状语从句的时态特点

一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。例如：

I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话。（这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时，表示一般将来时，决不可用will arrive）

As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作，就回家。（从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished，表示将来完成时,决不可用will have finished）

If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了，请通知我。（从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时，决不可用will come back）

二 时间状语从句

§3时间状语从句（adverbial clause of time）

1.由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句。例如：

When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候，你就是在开始知道一些事物了。

When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.当真理被埋在地下的时候，它在生长，它感到压抑，它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就会炸破一切！

Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。

Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim. 我游泳的时候，请你照看一下我的衣服。

You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 当你的手在空气中挥动的时候，你就能感觉到空气在流动。

Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我们的校长边谈边笑。

【区别】when, while和as的区别：when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。例如：

When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）

We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。

While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如：

While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)

I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）

As表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。例如：

We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边……一边”）

As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）

2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。例如：

It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。

Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。

My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。

They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。

After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。

After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）

3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。例如：

I didn't go to bed until（till） my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。

It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。

I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。

I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。

Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。

4.由since引导的时间状语从句。 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is ＋时间＋since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如：

I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。

Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？

It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。

It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。

5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一……就”。例如：

I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。

The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。

As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。

【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。例如：

He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。

No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。

Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。

He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。

6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如：

By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。

By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。

7.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。例如：

Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。

Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。

You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。

8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“有多久……就多久”。例如：

You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回来就行。

I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存，我就要反对这种境况。

三 地点状语从句

§4地点状语从句 (adverbial clause of place)

地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，已经形成了固定的句型，例如：

句型1：Where＋地点从句，（there）＋主句。

【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”；主句在从句后面时，there可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there。例如：

Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本不可能的。

They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。

You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。

Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党，哪里人民得解放。

句型2：Anywhere/ wherever＋地点从句，＋主句。

【注意】anywhere本身是个副词，但是，常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。例如：

Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。

新概念英语第二册语法精粹：状语从句（上）

知识要点 ,状语从句是副词性从句，它在句子中担任状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词。根据修饰的方面，状语从句可以分为以下九种：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句和比较状语从句。, 一、时间状语从句 ,指的是“某一具体的时间”。whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。
WhenI came into the room, he was writing a letter.
当我进屋时，他正在写信。
We shall go there wheneverwe are free.
我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。,意为“这时”或“在那个时候”，可以看作是并列句,这种用法的when分句一般位于句末。
I was walking along the street whensuddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.
我正在街上走着，这时忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。,e指“在某一段时间里”，“在……期间”，while引导的动作必须是持续性的。
Whileit was raining, they went out.
天下雨的时候，他们出去了。
I stayed while he was away.
他不在的时候我在。,引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。
He hurried home, looking behind ashe went.
他赶快回家，不时地一边走一边向后看。,re译为在……之前
Be a pupil beforeyou bee a teacher.
先做学生，再做先生。,r译为在……之后
He arrivedafter the game started.
比赛开始后，他到了。,7.如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到……为止”。从属连词为till/until
We waited till (until) he came back .
我们一直等到他回来。,8.如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直……才”“在……以前不”，从句放在句首表示强调，一般用until
She didn’t stop working untileleven o’clock.
她到11点钟才停止工作。
Untilhe had passed out of sight, she stood there.
她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。,ly…when和no sooner…than的意义相当于as soon as，但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly或no sooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。
I had hardly got homewhen it began to rain.
我刚一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had we got to the stationthan the train left.
我们刚到车站，火车就走了。
Hardlyhad we begunwhen we were told to stop.
我们刚开始就被叫停。,10.在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。
Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.
我每次乘船都晕船。
The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.
我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。
Next time you e, you’ll see him.
下次你来的时候，就会见到他。,11.状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。
Great changes have taken place in China since1978.
自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。
As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to you.
我一到上海就给你写信。, 二、地点状语从句 ,where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。
Wherethere is a will, there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
Wherethere is water there is life.
哪里有水，哪里就有生命。
You are free to go whereveryou like.
你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。
Whereveryou go, you must obey the law.
无论你去哪都要遵守法律。, 三、原因状语从句 ,use用来回答why 的问题，语气最强一般放在主句之后
I came back late yesterdaybecause I was on duty.
昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。,e表示既然或全已知的理由，稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放句首
Sinceeveryone is here, let’s begin our meeting.
既然大家都到了，我们开始开会。,从句常放在句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。
Ashe didn’t know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary.
由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个单词。,ng (that), now that 和since, as 意义相似，他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that可以省去。
Now (that) the weather has cleared up,we can start our journey.
鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。
Seeing(that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.
鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生去了。, 四、目的状语从句
,1.目的状语从句中常用情态动词may (might), can (could), should 等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号，从属连词一般为that, so that, in order that, lest = for fear that。
I shall write down your telephone numberthat I may not fet.
我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。
We’ll tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.
我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判断。
They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .
他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完成工作。
Put on more clotheslest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.
多穿点衣服，以免患感冒。, 五、结果状语从句
,that前有逗号为结果状语从句。so…that的so后面跟形容词或副词。
We turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.
我们把收音机的音量放大，大家都听到了新闻。
He was soexcitedthat he couldn’t say a word.
他十分激动，以致一句话都说不出来。,…that的such后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用such a /an…that还可以转换用so…that，语气较强
He gave suchimportant reasons thathe was excused.他说出了这么重要的理由，得到大家的谅解。
It is such an interesting novelthat all of us want to read it.
It isso interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.
这是一本十分有意思的书，大家都想看。,筒子们要用心记哟，掌握好的筒子们可以学习下篇咯：状语从句（下）>>

英语四六级语法归纳：状语从句

对于英语四级考试，状语从句中以下四种从句考得较多，接下来就一起来看看吧!更多消息请关注应届毕业生网。

1) 时间状语从句

时间状语从句主要由以下连词引导：when, whenever, as, while, since, until, till, before, after, as soon as, once, hardly (scarcely) ?when, no sooner ?than。

I will discuss the matter with you when we meet tomorrow.

时间状语从句还可由某些可充当连词的名词(the moment, the instant, every time,等)和副词(instantly, directly等)引导：

I will tell you the news the instant I know.

Note:

①before除了可表示?在?之前?外，还可用来强调主句所表达的时间、距离很长或花费的力量相比较大，可译为??才?。(?not ?before?可用来强调主句所表达的`时间、距离很短或花费的力量相比较小，可译为??就?)。

It was a long time before I got to sleep again.

②如果位于when引导的分句之前的主句使用过去进行时、过去完成时或?was/were about to, was/were on the point of?等结构时，when表示突然发生某事，可译为?正在?突然?或?刚?就?等。这时，不能够用as或while来代替when。

I was walking on the street when I ran into my old friend John.

2) 条件状语从句

条件状语从句主要由以下连词引导：if, unless, providing/provided (that), suppose/supposing (that), on condition (that), as/so long as, in case等。

So long as you work hard, you will surely achieve good results in examinations.

3) 让步状语从句

让步状语从句主要由以下连词引导：though, although, even if, even though, whatever, however, whoever, wherever, no matter how/ what/ where/ when等。以下介绍几种较特殊的让步状语从句。

(1)while引导的让步状语从句多放在句首，while相当于although，表示?尽管?，?虽然?。

While I admit I did it, I didn?t intend to.

(2)短语?even now/then/so?相当于?though it is/was true?，表示?尽管如此?，?尽管这样?。

The fire was out, but even so, the smell of smoke was strong.

(3) as引导的让步状语从句要倒装。

Child as he was, he could speak four languages.

4) 比较状语从句

比较状语从句主要由以下连词引导：(not) as ?as, (not) the same as, (not) such ?as, not so ?as, than, the + 比较级?, the +比较级?等。

We have had a lot more rainfall this year than we had last year.

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